米沃什

但这并不能说明我不喜欢米沃什的人格和文字。或许，更应该这么说，米沃什恰恰是我经常阅读的那几个人之一，在某种程度上，他甚至作为一种精神血液悄无声息地注入到了我的肉体之中，使我时时警醒着自己：善待自己，善待他人，善待生命，善待世间万物。


我辈愚钝，不知道什么时候该利用什么事件，只知道一头扎进大师们构筑的世界，在那里感受他们带给我的阳光、温暖、勇气、信心、美妙、梦想……

它(米沃什词典)有着长篇小说、诗歌、散文随笔、回忆录同样的质地和魅力，有时候甚至比它们来得更直接、透彻、深刻。一个简单的道理就是：你手里拿的可以不是什么金银首饰，但你却拥有了更恒久更隽永的东西，因为你掌握了时间与生命的真实含义。

诚实应该是作为回忆者最基本最需要的一种美德。有很多时候，我们看似米沃什在信手拈来，其实，他是经过深思熟虑的，因为他经历了太多的大喜大悲、大起大 落，他的身心就是一座时间大海，诸多人、事、物在他那里飘浮、过滤后，使他感到有话要说，并且，诚实催促他要说出这一切的真相。这种诚实保证了他拥有比我 们认知和承受更多现实的能力。

米沃什有时为了说出事情的原委与真相，不惜把自己弄得神魂颠倒、絮絮叨叨，但不管怎么样，我们总能捕捉到米沃什那颗正直、诚挚、善良、勇往直前的心。

由此，我们不仅看到了一个追求自由与理想的米沃什，也看到了一个时刻跳动着“波兰之心”的米沃什。也就是说，米沃什不仅是一个天主教意义上的拯救者、象征 者，他也是一个波兰式的批判者、谴责者。这样的人的终极理想与目标，我想只能是：要用人性的东西填满宇宙，要让普通大众拨开尘世的迷雾穿过时光的隧道、站 立在智慧的山顶。

米沃什用自己的经历和言行在给我们重新启蒙：怎样做人，怎样让自己从事的事业富有价值。同时，他也在告诉我们：真正的诗歌是什么，真正的诗人应该在纷繁复 杂的世界格局中扮演什么样的角色，什么样的工作是诗人应该努力承担的。从这个角度打量，我更愿意把米沃什看成是一个训诫者，而不是一个诗人。

●關於生命米沃什90歲高齡時，曾自言當時仍然堅持寫作到夜晚：“根本不可能活膩的，我還是感到不夠”，他說，“到了這種年紀，我仍然在尋求一種方式、一種語言來形容這個世界。”

●關於詩歌“詩歌，即使其題材與敘述口吻與周圍現實完全分離，要是一樣能夠頑強存在，那是令我激賞的詩歌。有力度的詩，或是一首抒情詩，其自身的完美就有足夠的力量去承受一種現實。”

而城市屹立于光辉灿烂中当数年后我回去。
而生命逐渐耗尽，罗特勃夫或维雍的生命。
子孙，已经诞生，在跳着他们的舞。
女人照着用新的金属做成的镜子。
一切是为了什么，假如我不能说话。
她站在我上面，沉重，像在轴上的地球。
我的骨灰放在小酒馆台下的罐子里。

而城市屹立于光辉灿烂中当数年后我回去。
回到我的家，在一个花岗岩博物馆的陈列柜中，
与睫毛油，乳色玻璃瓶，
以及埃及公主的月经带陈列在一起。
只有用金盘锻造的太阳，
在渐暗的镶木地板上从容不迫的脚步声吱吱作响。

而城市屹立于光辉灿烂中当数年后我回去。
我的脸用外套覆盖，虽然可能还记得
我欠债没还的那些人，没有一个仍活着，
我的耻辱并非永久，卑鄙的行为将被原谅。
而城市屹立于光辉灿烂中当数年后我回去。

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忙于什么呢？忙于劳作和消费，健身和享乐，总之，是忙于让身体疲劳和舒服，强壮和损耗的各种活动，人们把这些活动称作生活。

于是，奔忙的身体与灵魂擦肩而过，泛滥的信息与真理擦肩而过，频繁的交往与爱擦 肩而过，热闹的生活与意义擦肩而过？因为，人与神擦肩而过。

Uganda

traveller's are flocking to trek in Uganda's mountains and gorilla communities.generally speaking,it's a safe country.but there r some risking areas: the remote region in northeast is prone to voilence and banditry.it's imperative to make inquries with knowledgable local authorities before setting off to this regions.kampala is the new modern,bustling capical of new Uganda,which ranks as the fastest growing economic sustance in Africa.
since the late 1980s,the country finally rebounded from the abyss of civil war economic catastrophe to become relatively peaceful,stable and prosperous.

indigenous tribes settle down in this fertile land in the 14th century.there's little penetration from outside till 19th century,when the westerners came for ivory and slaves.despite the fertile land and its capicity to crop surplus food,there are virtually no trading links to eastern african coast.
after the berlin treaty signed in 1890,it became the british protectorate with kenya.the colonial administrators gave them enough space to autonomy,but preferred bugandan tribepeople to their plantations.thus were planted the seeds to intertribe conflicts which finally tear Uganda apart following independence.
Uganda gained its independence in 1962.however,it's not an advantageous time for Uganda to come to grips independence.coz civil wars were raging in southern sudan ,congo and Rwanda,which drove thousands of refugees pouring to the country.Amin,a unparalleled dictator,started a coup and became the mighty boss of the country in 1971.he ordered Asians,who were brought by british from their colonies back to 1912,to leave Uganda in 90 days with nothing but the clothes they wore.during 8 years of his ruling,more than 300,000 people were killed.meanwhile,the economy collapsed,the infrastructure crumbled,the prolific wild animals were shot down by soldiers for their meat,and the tourisam evaporated.the stream of refugees cross the border become a flood.inflation hit 1000%.and Amin,an undoubted fool,decided to fire Tanzania.soon,he escaped to Libya.and 12,000 Tanzanian soldiers,suppose to help Uganda rebuilding, became Ugandans.
nothing changed in 1980 though a exile leader was once enthusiastic welcomed by many regions from Tanzania. he won a blantantly rigged election. like his ex,he preferred some certain tribes.so the government,the army,the whole system were replaced by his men from the northern tribe---only the prison was filled with the southerners.reports of artrocities leak out of the country and several mass graves were discovered.
he was troppled by a coup in mid-1985.the rebellions never stops.different tribal millitary organizations mushroomed and killed each other.at the same time,the HIV infected rate reached the highest in the world---it's said that in many villages,one in four brings the virus.

*it's such a story that the BBC correspondents interviewed Amin,the notorious dictator who named himself as 'conqurer of British empire'.they simply asked him some harmless questions instead of 'why do u keep murdering people?'.coz they wanna go back in one piece instead of tasting his 'river treatment'or 'helicopter treatment'.
'myself consider myself the most powerful figure in the world.'
obviously,he's a buffoon tyrant.

Democratic Republic of Congo

this vast country with huge potential economic resources is ranking the top of the humanitarian crisis in the world.travel to there is in high risk and many regions remains insecure.now it's struggling to recover from the 5-year civil war,which leads to millions of people died and the rest suffered from starvation and rampant disease.
it's like a legend in the world that back to colonial time,one man owned the whole congo.the empire of Congo(they have the 2nd largest river in Africa,which offer them rich daily resources)emerged in 12th. in 1482,a Portuguese navigator came and set up ties with king of Congo.during 16-17th century,british,dutch,portuguese and french merchants fight for slave trade.but in 1870s,the Belgian king leopold set up private venture to colonize congo.so this king of the smallest kingdom in Europe amass a huge amount of money without visiting the country once.but during his ruling,hideous and brutal crimes were committed against congolese by Leopold's ivory and rubber traders.these including raiding villages and capture all the children and women as incentive for the men to bring back rubber in the forest.if they can't reach the heavy quota often had their hands chopped-off(!).
but to this far-away king, he decorated his murder and looting as 'civilized negroes'and 'keeping the cruel Arab traders'at bay.but nowadays in museums in Brussel,documents of these horrible crimes are conspicuously absent.
the independent movements was under the leadership of charismatic revolutionary man.(he was the first prime-minister,but was killed by his rival later).its rate was certainly surprised belgian colonier.the coup...following blooding civil war and cease-fire agreements...around 2.5 miliion people were killed directly or indirectly from the war in 5 years.UN sent peacemaker troops---now it's the biggest in the world.virtually,it's a civil war between government and rivals,but actually both sides are backed by foreign forces.because the mining of diamond(blood diamond!!) is too lucrative to foreign countries.

*from the correspondent,the scale and brutality of sexual voilence in eastern Congo.women are raping in front of her families...often by gangs....and babies are killed....i feel shit!!!

Republic of Congo

'travel to the capital should be by air as by road is not safe'. with many tourist attractions and fanscination congo river,congo has plenty to trigger the imagination.but recently, civil war and militia conflicts has plagued and the country is struggling to build on a peace accord signed with southern rebels in 2003.
before the French came,congo was a group of seperate but trading kingdoms comprising of different tribes.but French seduced the governing tribe to sign a series of treaties and finally crasped it as one of its African Equatorial colonies.and they made full use of congo's considerable natural resouces such as ivory,tropical hardwood and rubber,as well as the locals who were forced as labour.French colonial rule could easily reach as brutal as German,but seldom draw attention.an imposing example is in 1928,a revolt broke out in congo over renewed forced labour and other abuses carried out in the course of building the congo-ocean railway,which resulted in the death of more than 17,000 people.finally in 1946, congo given a territorial assembly and representation in the French parliament.
but the successive congolese government haven't done any better since the country gained independent in 1960---instead, the northerner leader simply used his time in office to pull up his villagers and subjugated southerners.vice versa.unsurprisingly,tensions between two sides have given rises to three civil wars .
the first president after independence was widely perceived as a puppet of French only.so he's just in office for 3 years. his successor tried to strengthen his position as imposing one-party state,but was ousted by a captain.this captain was one of the northerners who bathed in an era of Maxism and greater ties with Soviet Union.ironically,he was assassinated by his 'friends'in the north.the new president has certainly showed that he has the ruthlessness to survived at the stage of congolese politics which others failed.
but in 1990,like most of the ex-communist countries in the world,they abandoned maxism.in 1993,the bloody conflict between the government and opposition erupted.though in 1994, a cease-fire deal established but was broken again in 1997 as full-scale civil war.in 2001,peace conference ended up adopting a new constitution ,paving the way for presidential and parliamentary elections.the biggest losers in the civil war are their people---they had to hide into the forest or jungles. many children died from hunger or exhaustation.
as u see, the modern history is full of coup,civil wars and dirty politics...nothing else.

*the name of the capital of republic of congo,this gloomy and hopeless country,reveiled a beautiful and romantic story about an italian(but worked for French government)colonier who devoted his whole life to the justice and healthy-develope of congo.http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/5370744.stm

Equatorial Guinea

u can find little news of this small country on newspaper.but it doesn't mean it's an uneventful paradise.(on contrast, the millitary and political dictator is awful...)
a tribe moved in Equatorial Guinea in12th centuries and since the slave trade period,the local tribe showed their lukewarm attitude(i may say,hostility)towards coloniers,preventing a wholesale occupation of the area.
there's on small island outside Cameroon----it's the most important centre for slave trading in 18th for europeans.profitable cocoa plantation made this island into Portuguese most important possession in Africa.through the period of spanish ruling,large inland remained unexplored till 1920s.although they gained the independence in 1968, the spanish left the country virtually bankrupted.
they gained independence in 1968(partially autonomy,anyway),but the president(which was elected in the state of emergency)was a awful dictator.he even declared himself as 'the life leader',and was well underway on a campaign of terror and brutality on a par with the leader in Republic of Africa Union and Uganda.many thousands of people were tortured and sent to prison.schools and churches were forced to close and priests were arrested.say,he banned private fishing,then he destroy every boat he found.for several year, Equatorial Guinea was effectively closed off from outside world.a coup broke up in 1979 eventually,but at that time, two thirds of people was either fled abroad or killed.
its road to multi-party democracy is also torturous.old habbits died hard. vote-digging was rampant.the US government declared its national election in 1993 as 'parody of democracy'.the arrestment of oppositions delivered the truth of 'democracy' there.
the discovery of oil did transform the social and political landscape there.however,as the revenue of oil is only keeping secret by the government,no little and precious change to ordernary people.
in 2001,eight different opposed parties formed a 'government-in-exile' in spain. but in 2003,the government called them back home to 'register'and caught 68 people for allegedly plotting for coup. six months later, they won the election again unanimously,of course!

Cameroon

cameroon----the name is originated from 'giant shrimp' in Portuguese.as u can imagine,little known to us before the world's first international commercers came.for the next 4 centuries since 15th century,like most of the west Africa Altantic seaboard,the southern part revolved around the slave trade.the British came,but finally defeated by Germans. Germans were active coloniers,they built universities,railways and plantations.they are pretty harsh too.one fifth of the labourers died from overwork within 1 year.
after the WW1,it was divided into 3 parts by 2 coloniers:British and French. British didn't pay much attention on them,instead,they lavished attention on their administrated capital in Nigiria.so after WW2,the new political parties formed by French Cameroon striked for independence.but there is another party in the north.so after 1960,the rebellion was developed into full-scale.the french troops steped in and thousands were ruthlessly killed and a state of emergency was declared that last 2 decades.finally,the north took over the power and a muslim became their president.
in 1961,the northern part voted as a part of Nigeria and the south decided to join the French Cameroon and bacame a single republic 11 years later.the muslim leader was re-elected as unopposed in 1975, continuing an exceedingly brutal and autocratic reign,filling jails with tens of thousands of political prisoners and censoring all the press.but he worked actively in the fields of public education,agriculture and building roads.as a result, the enrollment rate of primary schools reached 70% and farmers produced a large variety of food to make country self-efficient and benefit from the exports.
but at the height of his(president's)power and success,he quited unexpectedly.his hand-pick successor(as a southerner and christian) immediately droped a lot of former plans and transformed the society.he especailly set aside nearly all ex's 'barons'.by 1984,the barons couldn't bear it anymore and burstup a coup.it's so unexpected that hardly success.but president soon re-took the control.
cameroon hit international headlines in 1986. a toxic cloud erupted in the remote volcanic lakes in the western mountains, asphyxiating nearly 2,000 villagers in their sleep.experts said it could happen again anytime.
the successor was widely accused for his unability for handling the economy.but the government murderous attempt to wipe out all the new threat parties.but within one year,there r more than 30 parties set up and a dozen independent newspaper.finally, national-wide strikes broke out and the government faced an embarrasing standstill.the politics was in a chaos and in 2002,the long-simmering territory dispute between Nigeria came out. the oil-rich border attract both sides.and Nigeria has slowly and reluctantly begun to comply with the agreement.

Algeria

Algeria
'Algeria, a gateway between Europe and Africa ' has been battered by violence over the past decades.'
it's a barren country full of misery and anguish.although it's wide-spread desert, the rich oil preservation is the backbone of the economy.
the bloody civil war outburst in 1992,following 150,000 people are staughtered!
berbers(the aborigines before the turkish came) acclaimed for their rights,while the islamic extremist bomb cities.
above 250,000people died during the war for independence .
war,extremist,liberation is the key word to access this country.
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